光偉達電阻的基本元件之電阻器
電阻就是(shi)電阻器 。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)日(ri)常生活(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)般(ban)直接稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)。是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)元件,將電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)接在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)(zhong)后,電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)的阻(zu)(zu)值是(shi)固(gu)定的一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)兩個(ge)引腳,它可限(xian)制通過(guo)它所(suo)連(lian)支路的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大小。阻(zu)(zu)值不能改變的稱為固(gu)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)。阻(zu)(zu)值可變的稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi)或可變電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)。理想的電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)線性的,即通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)的瞬(shun)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)與外加瞬(shun)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)成正(zheng)比。用于(yu)分壓(ya)的可變電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)。在(zai)裸露的電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)體上,緊壓(ya)著一(yi)至兩個(ge)可移金(jin)屬觸點(dian)。觸點(dian)位置確定電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)體任一(yi)端與觸點(dian)間的阻(zu)(zu)值。
電(dian)阻(zu),通常(chang)縮寫為R,它是導體(ti)的(de)一(yi)種基(ji)本(ben)性質,與(yu)導體(ti)的(de)尺寸(cun)、材料(liao)、溫度(du)有(you)關。歐(ou)(ou)姆定律說,I=U/R,那(nei)么(me)R=U/I,電(dian)阻(zu)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)單位是歐(ou)(ou)姆,用希臘(la)字母(mu)“Ω”表(biao)示,表(biao)示電(dian)阻(zu)阻(zu)值的(de)常(chang)用單位還有(you)千歐(ou)(ou)(kΩ),兆歐(ou)(ou)(MΩ)。
一、電阻器的標識
電(dian)阻器的在電(dian)路中的參(can)數標(biao)注方法(fa)(fa)有(you)3 種,即直標(biao)法(fa)(fa)、色(se)標(biao)法(fa)(fa)和數標(biao)法(fa)(fa)。
a、直標法是將電阻(zu)器的標稱(cheng)值(zhi)用數字(zi)和文(wen)字(zi)符號直接標在電阻(zu)體上(shang),其允許偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)則(ze)用百(bai)分(fen)數表示,未(wei)標偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)值(zhi)的即為±20%.
b、數(shu)碼(ma)標示(shi)法主要用于貼片等小體積(ji)的(de)電路,在(zai)三位數(shu)碼(ma)中,從左至右第一,二位數(shu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)有效(xiao)數(shu)字,第三位表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)10 的(de)倍冪(mi)或者用R 表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(R 表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)0.)如:472 表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi) 47×102Ω (即(ji)4.7K Ω );104 則表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)10×104Ω;1002表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)100×102Ω; 1402=14000Ω =14KΩ ;三位數(shu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)5%精(jing)度,四位數(shu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)1%精(jing)度。還(huan)有其(qi)他的(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi): R22 表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)0.22Ω;17R8=17.8Ω ;32K8=32.8KΩ。
c、用(yong)色(se)(se)環(huan)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示有(you)的是(shi)用(yong)4個(ge)(ge)色(se)(se)環(huan)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示,有(you)的用(yong)5個(ge)(ge)。4環(huan)電(dian)阻(zu),一般是(shi)碳膜電(dian)阻(zu),用(yong)3個(ge)(ge)色(se)(se)環(huan)來(lai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示阻(zu)值,用(yong)1個(ge)(ge)色(se)(se)環(huan)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示誤(wu)差。5環(huan)電(dian)阻(zu)一般是(shi)金屬膜電(dian)阻(zu),為更好地表(biao)(biao)(biao)示精(jing)度(du),用(yong)4個(ge)(ge)色(se)(se)環(huan)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示阻(zu)值,另一個(ge)(ge)色(se)(se)環(huan)也是(shi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示誤(wu)差。
二(er)、電阻器的(de)種類
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻器(qi)的種(zhong)類(lei)有(you)很多(duo),通常分為(wei)三大類(lei):固定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻,可(ke)(ke)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻,特種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產(chan)(chan)品中,以(yi)固定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻應(ying)用(yong)最多(duo)。而(er)(er)固定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻以(yi)其制造材(cai)料又可(ke)(ke)分為(wei)好多(duo)類(lei),但常用(yong)、常見的有(you)RT型(xing)(xing)碳(tan)膜(mo)(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、RJ型(xing)(xing)金屬(shu)膜(mo)(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、RX型(xing)(xing)線繞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻,還有(you)近年(nian)來開始(shi)廣泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)的片(pian)狀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻。型(xing)(xing)號命(ming)名很有(you)規律,R代(dai)表電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻,T-碳(tan)膜(mo)(mo),J-金屬(shu),X-線繞,是拼音的第一個字母(mu)。在國產(chan)(chan)老式的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產(chan)(chan)品中,常可(ke)(ke)以(yi)看到外(wai)表涂覆(fu)綠(lv)漆的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻,那就是RT型(xing)(xing)的。而(er)(er)紅(hong)顏色(se)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻,是RJ型(xing)(xing)的。一般老式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產(chan)(chan)品中,以(yi)綠(lv)色(se)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻居多(duo)。因為(wei)金屬(shu)膜(mo)(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻雖然精(jing)度(du)高、溫度(du)特性好,但制造成本(ben)也高,而(er)(er)碳(tan)膜(mo)(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻特別價廉,而(er)(er)且能滿足民用(yong)產(chan)(chan)品要(yao)求。
電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器當然也有功率之分。常見的是(shi)1/8瓦的“色環碳膜電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)”,它(ta)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)子產(chan)品和電(dian)(dian)子制作(zuo)中用的最(zui)多(duo)的。當然在一些微型(xing)(xing)產(chan)品中,會用到1/16瓦的電(dian)(dian)阻(zu),它(ta)的個頭小多(duo)了。再者(zhe)就是(shi)微型(xing)(xing)片狀電(dian)(dian)阻(zu),它(ta)是(shi)貼片元(yuan)件家族的一員。
更(geng)多(duo)產品參數及(ji)價格請電話咨詢:138-0229-2180,袁先生(sheng)